Exam questions for obtaining aircraft licenses and ratings

PPL(A) -

1. In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the troposphere, air density:

2. The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) sea-level pressure is equal to:

3. Air in the atmosphere is made up of:

4. In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Troposphere, temperature:

5. If the atmospheric pressure decreases, the partial pressure of the oxygen in the atmosphere will:

6. In the international standard atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the troposphere, pressure:

7. At altitude, the volumetric proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere is:

8. In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Stratosphere, temperature:

9. Which gas, which is absorbed by the body during normal breathing, plays an important role in decompression sickness?

10. After donating blood, what is the minimum time a pilot should wait before flying?

11. Blood pressure may be too high due to:

12. Which body system is responsible for distributing oxygen around the body?

13. The blood carries________around the body and removes_______ from the body with the exchange occurring in the____________.

14. Which part of the nervous system usually controls breathing?

15. Enter into the following statement the most correct pair of figures from the options below. The maximum recommended levels of alcohol consumption per week are_____for men and_____for women.

16. Brain cells that have been deprived of oxygen will start to die in:

17. Which of the following gases regulate the rate and depth of breathing, depending on the levels at which the gas is present in the blood?

18. When a person is experiencing stress or fear, adrenaline is released into the blood stream causing immediate:

19. Approximately how long does it take a person to dissipate one unit of alcohol from the blood?

20. Enter into the following statement the most correct pair of gases from the options below. Hemoglobin in red blood cells is more readily attracted to_________than__________.

21. Which organ controls all other bodily functions?

22. The condition whereby the body does not enough oxygen to function correctly is known as:

23. A likely symptom, or likely symptoms, of Hypoxia might be:

24. Above what altitude do pilots need to breath supplementary oxygen?

25. Compared to a non-smoker, someone who smokes is likely to experience the effects of hypoxia at:

26. The effects of Hypoxia can be increased by:

27. You are taking a friend flying and are cruising at 6,000 ft. Your passenger begins suffering from a tingling sensation, dizziness and visual disorders and then becomes unconscious. Your passenger is probably suffering from:

28. A likely symptom, or likely symptoms, of Hypoxia might be:

29. For the pilot of an aircraft on a head-on collision course with a fast-moving jet, the image of the approaching jet will appear to grow in size in the following manner:

30. Color-blindness or, more accurately, color-defective vision, is caused by:

31. Hypermetropia and Myopia are normally caused by:

32. Hypermetropia is caused by a____________eyeball and treated by a_________ whereas Myopia is caused by a_____________eyeball and treated with

33. Which of the following organs of the body supplies the single most dependable source of sensory information?

34. What is the component of the eye responsible for peripheral vision and sensitive to low light levels?

35. Empty Field Myopia is a condition where the eyes naturally focus at a distance of approximately:

36. At night it is easier to focus on an object if you:

37. To lessen the danger of collision with an aircraft which might be in a pilot's blind spot and closing on a constant relative bearing, the pilot should:

38. Where is the blind spot?

39. Accommodation is the power of the lens to focus rays of light from near objects onto the Fovea. Accommodation is controlled by:

40. Dark adaptation takes about ____________ for the Rods, and ______________for the Cones.

41. The power of accommodation in an eye:

42. When flying solo, a pilot who suspects he is suffering from spatial disorientation should:

43. What is noise induced hearing loss?

44. When can a pilot experience the 'leans'?

45. What is the most important sense for spatial orientation?

46. Which of the following should a pilot primarily rely on if he becomes disorientated in Visual Meteorological Conditions?

47. On what does the causes of noise induced hearing loss depend?

48. The frequency band that a healthy young person can hear is :

49. What is the purpose of the Eustachian tube?

50. One of the main contributory factors to the onset of motion sickness is:

51. .During straight and level flight any pronounced linear acceleration may produce sensation of the nose pitching up. In such a situation, the pilot should:

52. Loudness is measured in:

53. Which of the following should a pilot primarily rely on if he becomes disorientated in Instrument Meteorological Conditions?

54. The Vestibular Apparatus detects_____________.acceleration:

55. If an aircraft accelerates, what do the otoliths indicate to the brain?

56. Complete the following sentence. If your Eustachian tube is blocked and you cannot clear your ears, you should:

57. While flying, the changes in outside air pressure can cause air trapped in the body cavities to expand and contract. This is known as Otic Barotrauma and it most likely to effect:

58. The best preventative actions to take if someone is showing symptoms of Stroboscopic Effect is to:

59. If taking a course of drugs, is it advisable to pilot an aircraft?

60. The ability of a pilot to withstand even moderate forces can be affected by:

61. A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a local anesthetic?

62. You are suffering from a cold with slightly blocked nose and sinuses and you have an aircraft booked to fly. Should you:

63. A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a general anesthetic?

64. Which of the following may cause fainting?

65. When compared to visual stimuli, auditory stimuli (noises) are:

66. If a pilot is approaching a runway much larger than that at his home airfield, what is his visual perception of the runway likely to be?

67. A false perception characterised by a distortion of real sensory stimuli is known as:

68. Repeating information several times transfer it to long-term memory is called:

69. It is generally accepted that the short-term memory can hold how many items long ?

70. If a pilot is used to flying in relatively polluted hazy air and then flies in a very clear sky:

71. From the options below, choose the correct sequence of the various stages of the reasoning process.

72. .Which of the following will give the illusion that the aircraft is too low during an approach?

73. As captain of an aircraft you will need to show good leadership skills. Which of the following is not one such skill?

74. You have planned to take a couple of friends on an air experience flight. On the day, the weather conditions are marginal and there is a strong cross-wind on the runway. As a competent assessor of risk, which of the following decisions should you take?

75. When making a decision, will a pilot be influenced by previous experience?

76. Mental Overload usually:

77. Complete the following statement. If, as an inexperienced pilot, you are flying with someone of much greater experience, and you see him do something you consider to be dangerous, you should:

78. Good briefings are very important. Which of the following could be the result of a bad briefing?

79. Complete the following statement. The most appropriate time for a pilot to give passengers an initial briefing on emergency procedures is:

80. Two pilots, both seated at the controls and qualified on type, have just commenced a flight when they experience an engine failure. Who should take control of the aircraft.

81. Which of the following attitudes and/or characteristics have b good communication and especially dangerous when flying?

82. Which of the following are ways to help avoid stress in the cockpit?

83. What are Stress Factors or Stressors?

84. An analogue display is generally better than a digital display for showing which sort of data?

85. Which of the following occur when a pilot is sitting too high in a cockpit? a. Good downward outside view. b. Poor view of instruments. c. Upwards outside view obstructed.

86. You are preparing for a training flight with an instructor and cannot find your checklist. You should:

87. If advice is needed concerning possible flight with an illness, a pilot should contact

88. Which will always affect your ability to fly?

89. As a pilot, flying for long periods in hot summer temperatures increases the susceptibility

90. Motion sickness is caused by

91. What suggestion could you make to your pilot fellow who is experiencing motion sickness?

92. In an unpressurised aircraft, at high altitudes the amount of oxygen that diffuses across

93. During a climb to 18,000 ft, the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere

94. Although not required, supplemental oxygen is recommended for use when flying at

95. Hypoxia is the result of

96. Which statement concerning hypoxia is true?

97. Which occurs when climbing above 18,000 feet in an unpressurized aircraft without supplemental oxygen?

98. Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as

99. Carbon monoxide in an aircraft cabin is

100. Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in

101. What is one effect smoking has on a pilot?

102. Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

103. Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as

104. Hyperventilation results from

105. A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of

106. If an individual has gone scuba diving which has not required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8,000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least

107. If an individual has gone scuba diving which has required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8,000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least

108. Dark adaptation is impaired by exposure to

109. What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?

110. One aid in increasing night vision effectiveness would be to

111. What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?

112. The most effective technique to use for detecting other aircraft at night is to avoid staring directly at the point where another aircraft is suspected to be flying.

113. The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to

114. Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should

115. Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during

116. What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?

117. A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as

118. Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?

119. Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

120. The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by

121. If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to

122. A rapid acceleration can create the illusion of being in a

123. Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?

124. What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?

125. What is one of the neglected items when a pilot relies on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?

126. Consistent adherence to approved checklists is a sign of

127. To avoid missing important steps, always use the

128. The positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots includes these verbal steps: (a) You have the flight controls, (b) I have the flight controls, and (c) _________

129. Risk management, as a part of aeronautical decision making (AM process, relies on which features to reduce the risk associated with each flight?

130. Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

131. In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

132. What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as 'Impulsivity'?

133. What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as 'Antiauthority'?

134. What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of 'Invulnerability'?

135. At altitude the pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is:

136. Being badly overweight increases a pilot's susceptibility to which of the following conditions?

137. 'Error' is a generic term which describes all those occasions when a series of mental or physical activities do not achieve their intended effect. Now, complete the following statement. Errors:

138. Which statement is true regarding alcohol in the human system?

139. Which statement best defines hypoxia?

140. A person may not act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft if alcoholic beverages have been consumed by that person within the preceding

141. An illusion, that an aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, is produced by

142. The three-needle type altimeter used in many light aircraft A. Easy to mis-read. B. Hardly ever mis-read. C. Accurate and reliable. D. Not very accurate or reliable.

143. Which of the following are terms generally used to describe a type or types of memory within the subject of Human Performance and Limitations?

144. The outer, middle and inner ear are filled with :

145. Presbycusis is an impairment of hearing due to:

146. What causes conductive deafness?

147. In which part of the eye is visual acuity at its highest?

148. In order to see a sharp image of an oncoming aircraft which has been detected by the eye, a pilot should:

149. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the:

150. The pulse is generated by the contraction of which heart chamber?